Mono-, Bi-, and Tri-Metallic DES Are Prepared from Nb, Zr, and Mo for n-Butane Selective Oxidation via VPO Catalyst

In recent work, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as ionic liquid analogues have been abundantly used in catalysis. Herein, vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts were synthesized from mono-, bi-, and tri- metallic DES of Nb, Zr, Mo metal dopants structure-directing agents electronic promoters for n-butane selective oxidation towards maleic anhydride. Higher MA selectivity larger conversion was successfully obtained using the newly developed catalysts, while by-product COx (CO, CO2) minimized. Characterization techniques including FTIR, DSC, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, XPS, NH3-TPD employed to fully characterize DESs, precursors catalysts. This work led an increase 7.8% mass yield with 16% more compared unpromoted VPO catalyst. Moreover, utilization a low-carbon alkane brought green impact on chemical plant well environment.